Методическая разработка по теме «TheEnvironmenttoday»

Методическая разработка по теме «TheEnvironmenttoday»

знакомят с основными подходами и приемами выполнения всех

видов экзаменационных заданий и обеспечивают тренировку в

формате экзамена ЕГЭ. Ко всем заданиям имеются ключи. Все

разделы разработки предусматривают только базовый уровень.

Раздел Чтение содержит аутентичные тексты, задания к которым

развивают у учащихся навыки, необходимые для эффективного

чтения с различной степенью понимания содержания. По

сложности и «наполнению» они идентичны материалам,

предлагаемым на ЕГЭ.

В разделе Аудирование, часто являющимся одним из самых

трудных видов деятельности, представлен разнообразный

материал с различными типами заданий. Эти задания тренируют

умение извлекать необходимую информацию из услышанного,

понимать основное содержание или полностью понимать

услышанное.

Разделы Письмо и Говорение содержат образцы выполнения

письменных заданий и модели устных ответов на типовые вопросы,

представленные в экзаменационных билетах.

Задания раздела Практическое использование языкового

материала направлены на развитиеспособностей точно и

эффективно использовать в речи лексику и грамматику.

Цель разделов Словарь, Грамматика и Фразовые глаголы –

расширить вокабуляр, повторить грамматику и отработать

использование фразовых глаголов в устной и письменной речи.

Для самоконтроля и закрепления навыков владения лексикой и

грамматикой предусмотрен раздел Тест.

The Environment Today

Reading

1.Read the text and choose the best answer to the questions below.

We tend to imagine that ancient people were"environmentally friendly" and lived

in harmony with nature. Some people(such as the American Indians) did indeed

respect and protect their environment. But there are many examples ofancient

people who destroyed land they inhabited. In doing this, some ofthem destroyed

their own livelihood.

The great city of Urwas destroyed by floods after its people removed the trees on

the banks ofthe river. Euphrates to use as fuel for their fires. Although the Bible

says that the cause of floods was the anger ofGod, the real cause ofthe flood was

probably environmental damage by man.

The dodo was a large bird, rather like a turkey, that lived on the island of Mauritius

in the Indian Ocean. When the first man arrived in Mauritius in the early 16th

century, they found that the dodos were very tame. The settlers killed the dodos

partly or food and partly for sport. By 1680, less than 200 years after the first man

settlement on Mauritius, the last dodo was dead. Only the expression"as dead as

a dodo" lives in the English language.

1. According to the passage, our ancestors...

a) were all environmentally friendly

b) respected and protected their environment

c) were probably as selfish as modern people

d) lived in harmony with nature

2. The passage states that the great city of Ur was probably destroyed by...

a) fires

b) removing the trees on the banks of the river Euphrates

c) anger of God

d) flood caused by earthquake

2. Read the text. Decide which two of the statements below are

wrong according to the text?

THE GREENHOUSE EFFECT

The greenhouse effect is very important; ifit didn't occur at all, the

temperature of the planet would be 40 degrees lower and the oceans would

freeze. But an increase in the greenhouse effect may lead to global warming

with disastrous consequences.

The higher average temperatures produced by global warming could cause

dramatic changes in the weather Less rain might fall over large land masses.

Central Africa, south Asia and some parts of the United States could risk severe

drought and famine. More rain might fall in coastal areas and over the oceans,

there might be more storms and hurricanes in the Pacific. A rise in the earth's

average temperature ofonlyone or two degrees would probably melt the polar

ice caps and raise sea levels. Sea levels throughout the world are already rising

by about two millimetres a year If the polar ice caps melt, sea levels could rise

by more than a meter over a few decades.

a) The greenhouse effect only leads to disastrous consequences.

b) Without the greenhouse effect theclimate on the Earth would be much

colder.

c) Because ofglobal warming there could be a risk of drought and famine in

parts of Africa and Asia.

d) Ifthere is a rise in temperature of one or two degrees, the sea level will rise

by about two millimetres a year.

Listening

1a) Listen to Jack's opinion about using animals for scientific research

and decide whether the statements below are true or false according

to the text.

DIFFICULT PROBLEMS

More people are against cruelty to animals in sports, such as foxhunting. Some

people think that it is also cruel to use animals for scientific research don't think

so. My Mum works in a medical laboratory. They create new medicines and then

test them on animals. Mum says it's necessary. Some animal research leads

directly to the development of important new medicines that save hundreds of

lives. It's not the same: to kill animals for sport or for life-saving research in

medicine.

b) True or false?

1. More people are against cruelty to animals in sports.

2. More people think that it is also cruel to use animals for scientific research.

3. Jack's mum works in a hospital.

4. She cures animals.

5. She creates new medicines and then tests them on animals.

6, Jack agrees with his mum, that it's necessary to use animals for scientific

research.

1

2

3

4

5

6

Vocabulary

1. Match words and expressions from column A

with single word equivalents from column B.

A

1. to make a prediction

2. to look forward to

3. every day

4, still

5. unstable

6, to dislike greatly

B

a) to produce

b) extinct

c) to forecast

d) changeable

e) a habitat

f) to expect

7, hotness or warmth

8. to bring about

9. very large in area

10. a heated glass building for growing

young plants

11. no longer in existence

12. the seashore

13. easily broken

14. a place where someone or

something

is usually found

15. to treat medically

16. to ruin

17. to put in danger

18. to hold or put within limits

19. that which surrounds

20. to make unclean

21. to remain alive

22. a fence formed by bushes or small

trees

growing close

together

23. characterized by good fortune;

successful

24. characterized by a

moderate estimation of oneself

25. to do harm to

26. any deficiency

g) to cure

h) to endanger

i) to destroy

j) modest

k) to include

l) heat

m) environment

n) huge

o) to pollute

p) a greenhouse

q) fragile

r) prosperous

s) to injure

t) a coast

u) to hate

v) calm

w) a hedge

x) daily

y) to survive

z) chortarge

2.Complete the sentences below using words from the exercise above.

1. Our modern life is destroying the_____________environment.

2. What is happening to the________________________ today?

3. How can we stop the____________ effect from getting worse?

4. What are the reasons for the_________ of water in the world?

5. "Developments" that have made our lifestyle more comfort able

all _________________the Earth's atmosphere.

6. Nowadays many scientists say that some chemicals

can______________________ human life.

7. Many species of animals has become____________________.

8. Today people realize that the environment should be kept clean, if

the humanity wants_____________________.

3. Word Puzzle

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

Down

1.The word________ means simply what is around us. (11 letters)

Across

1. Don't________ wildlife. (7 letters)

2. They are asked to________ trees. (5 letters)

3. The tropical rainforests________________ about nine million square

kilometers. (5 letters)

4. Don't leave___________. (6 letters)

5. Don't___________ garbage in water. (5 letters)

6. Don't___________ gardens-don't break trees. (5 letters)

7. An increase in the__________ effect may lead to global warming. (10 letters)

8. Building motor roads can_________ countryside. (6 letters)

9. Greenpeace help to_________ nature. (7 letters)

10. Don't___________rare animals. (4 letters)

11. Most of the____________in big cities comes from cars and buses.(9 letters)

Use of English

1.Complete the questions below and write your own answers. Do you think

about the future of the planet?

1._____________are any global environmental problems?

2._____________you like to join an environmental group?

3._____________you ever planted trees?

4._____________things do you reduce?

5._____________can you save energy at home?

6._____________is it important to remember the three R's: reduce, reuse,

recycle?

2. Read the text below.

Use the word at the end

of each line to form a

word that fits in the

space in the same line.

The use of animals for (1) _________

purposes is a difficult (2) __________

issue. Many people owe their lives to

modern drugs or (3) __________

techniques that were first (4)

________ on animals. Some of

these(5) _________ would not have

been possible without animal

experiments. People who campaign

for animal rights are usually young

and(6) _________,and have not yet

needed the benefits of (7) _______

progress. Perhaps it is ethically(8)

________ to sacrifice animals for the

sake of medical research, as long as

the animals do not suffer. But that

(9) _________ standpoint raises two

difficult questions: what(10)

________ as medical research and

second, what counts as(11) ______?

SCIENCE

ETHICS

SURGERY

TEST

DEVELOP

HEALTH

MEDICINE

ACCEPT

THEORY

COUNT

SUFFER

Grammar

1.Use the correct tense in these sentences.

1. During the past two hundred years, mankind(to invent) __________ powerful

technology.

2. If we(not to take) ___________ action to protect the earth's atmosphere, it

soon(to become) _________ unable to protect us.

3. Nowadays very many people in Russia(to protest) _________ about polluting

water with industrial waste.

4. The Earth probably(to contain) __________ between 10 and 100 million

different species.

5. By the end of the 19th century, the British people(to learn) ________ that

they should plan the growth oftowns and cities.

6. Man(to grow) _________ crops for 10,000 years.

Phrasal Verbs

1.

Match the phrasal verbs and idioms in list A with their meanings in list

B.

A

1. to make up one's mind

2. to set up

3. to take up

B

a) to find information

b) to decide

c) to increase

4. to give up

5. to go up

6. to look up

7. to catch up with sb

8. to put up

d) to go in for sth

e) to organize

f) to stop doing sth

g) to allow someone to stay in your

house for a short while

h) to come from behind and reach

the same place as someone else

2. Complete these sentences using the correct form one of the verbs and idioms

from list A above.

1. Did you __________ Alan at the bus stop yesterday?

2. Has he __________ what to do next?

3. Ann _________ writing articles for this newspaper.

4. He __________ the genetic resources within the rainforests for many years.

5. They __________ a meeting yet, so you can ask them to organize it in two days.

Writing

1.

That's what Lena wrote in her project about ecological problems in her

hometown. Her project is convincing(убедительный). But there are

eight mistakes, correct them.

There is a lot of factories and plants in the my hometown. They throw a lot

of chemicals and dirty into the air. They poison water in our lovely river. Fish

can't to live in it. Both clean air and clean water are necessary to our health.

Our factories, plants, cars and buses need in good filters. When they will

have them?

Besides, I'm very concerned about that new roads destroy the countryside.

I think people should find the right balance between our natural

environment, industry and building of new roads.

2.

Write a composition: Cars: the pros and cons. The table below will help

you

Pros

Cons

A comfortable and convenient way

of travelling

The biggest single course of air

pollution

Give freedom and independence

Roads destroy countryside

Sitting in traffic jams is stressful

and probably causes high blood

pressure

Traffic accidents

Require parking space

Test

1.Choose the right answer(2-10). Only one answer is correct.

2. He never does his best. He spends ________time preparing for his lessons.

a) little b) a little c) few d) a few

3. Life is ________ boring in the city.

a) less b) few c) fewer d) a few

4. Do you know what you ________ at this time tomorrow?

a) will be doing b) will do c) will have done d) would do

5. If I more about the ozone layer, I ________ a bettermark.

a) will know …... will get

b) knew...... will get

c) knew...... got

d) knew…… would get

6. We haven't made up our ________ where to go next.

a) reason b) decision c) mind d) idea

7. When he came ________ this book he bought it immediately.

a) on b) across c) up d) to

8. That is good news. Tell more about ________.

a) they b) them c) it d) its

9. Many people think that Chinese is the world's ________ language.

a) difficult b) more difficult

c) much more difficult d) most difficult

10. They won't continue their work until he ________.

a) will ask them b) will ask they

c) asks them d) asks they

KEY

Reading

1.

1-c; 2-b.

2.

a, d.

Listening

1.

1-t; 2-f; 3-f; 4-f; 5-

t; 6-t.

Vocabulary

1.

1-c; 2-f;3-x;4-v;5-

d;6-u;7-l;8-a;9-

n;10-p;11-b;12-

t;13-q;14-e;15-

g;16-i;17-h;18-

k;19-m;20-o;21-

y;22-w;23-r;24-

j;25-s.

2.

1-fragile; 2-

environment; 3-greenhous; 4-shortage; 5-pollute; 6-endanger; 7-extinct; 8-

to survive.

3.

D

1.

E

S

T

R

O

Y

P

L

A

2.

N T

C

O

3.

V E

R

L

4.

I

T

T

E

R

T

H

5.

R O

W

S

P

6.

O I

L

G

R

E

E

7.

N H

O

U

S

E

D

A

8.

M A

G

E

P

R

O

T

9.

E

C

T

H

U

10.N T

P

O

L

L

U

11.T

I

O

N

Use of English

1. 1. The air is polluted. 2. Trees are cut down. 3 Glass bottles are left in the forest.

4 Newspapers, bottles and metal cans are recycled 5. Rules are broken.

2.1-What; Some global environmental problems are air and waterpollution,

deforestation and endangered animals.2-Would; I'd like, to join Greenpeace

because they are in charge of our planet. 3- Have; We usually plant trees on Earth

Day. 4- What: I usually reduce energy and water. 5- How: I never waste energy and

water. I always off the lights when I leave a room. 6- Why; The three R's can help

to save the Earth. For example, if we recycle paper then new trees are not cut and

air is not polluted.

3. 1-scientific; 2- ethical; 3-surgical, 4- tested; 5- developments; 6- healthy; 7-

medical; 8- acceptable; 9- theoretical; 10- counts; 11- suffering.

Grammar

1. 1-present simple(passive); 2- past perfect; 3- going to; 4-present perfect; 5-

future simple; 6- past simple; 7- present continuous(passive); 8- present perfect;

9- future continuous.

2. 1- has invented; 2- do not take, will soon become; 3- are protesting; 4- contains;

5- had learned; 6- has been growing.

Phrasal Verbs

1.

1-b; 2-e; 3-d; 4-f; 5-c; 6-a; 7-h; 8-g.

2.

1- catch up with; 2- made up his mind; 3- gave up; 4- has been taking up; 5-

haven't set up.

Writing

1.There are a lot of factories and plants in my hometown. They throw a lot of

chemicals and dirt into the air. They poison water in our lovely river. Fish can't live in

it. Both clean air and clean water are necessary for our health. Our factories, plants,

cars and buses need good filters. When will they have them?

Besides, I'm very concerned that new roads destroy the countryside.

I think people should find right balance between our natural environment,

industry and building of new roads.

Test

1.

2-a; 3-a; 4-a; 5-d; 6-c; 7-b; 8-c; 9-d; 10-c.

2.

1- undoubtedly; 2- approximately; 3- extinct; 4- known; 5- flightless; 6-

beginning; 7- Shortly; 8- captivity; 9- addition;10- endangered.