Времена английского языка в таблицах

и упражнениях

Таблица 1. THE PRESENT SIMPLE TENSE

Утвердительная форма

I

you

he

she

it

work

work

work

work

s

work

s

we

you

they

work

work

work

ПРАВИЛО - ПРИМЕЧАНИЕ: в третьем лице единственного числа (he, she, it) к глаголу

прибавляется окончание “s” или “es” , которое читается:

- после звонких согласных и после гласных

-

[

z

]

He lives [livz]

She goes [gouz]

It does [d

ʌ

z]

- после глухих согласных

-

[

s

]

She works [w

ǝ

:ks]

He sits [sits]

- после окончаний

-s; -ss; -se; -x; -sh; -ch; -ge

- [

iz

]

He closes [klouziz]

She teaches [́

ti: t

ʃ

iz]

“

y

” в конце слова после согласных меняется на – “

i

” (studies)

Упр. 1. Прочитайте слова, добавляя окончание

–s

:

like, get, clean, give, catch, love, test, fetch, bring, adore, taste, forget

Таблица 2. ВОПРОСИТЕЛЬНАЯ И ОТРИЦАТЕЛЬНАЯ ФОРМЫ

We go to work every day.

He reads English books.

She likes apples.

They live in Paris.

He has dinner at home.

Do we go to work every day?

Does he read English books?

Does she like apples?

Do they live in Paris?

Does he have dinner at home?

We don’t go to work every day.

He doesn’t read English books.

She doesn’t like apples.

They don’t live in Paris.

He doesn’t have dinner at home.

Таблица 3. УПОТРЕБЛЕНИЕ THE PRESENT SIMPLE TENSE

Случаи употребления

Примеры

1. Для выражения обычного повторяющегося

действия.

2. Для выражения постоянного действия.

3. В выражениях типа: я думаю, я полагаю, я

считаю (I think, I suppose,I consider).

4. Для выражения действия, совершающегося в

момент речи (вместо Present

Progressive), c глаголами, обозначающими

чувственные восприятия и ощущения, которые

не употребляются в Present Progressive (to love,

to want, to see и др.).

5. Для выражения действия в будущем

(вместо Future Simple) в придаточных

предложениях условия и времени.

Every morning he gets up at 7 o’clock, takes a

shower and has breakfast.

- Каждое утро он встает в семь часов, принимает

душ и завтракает.

The Earth revolves round the Sun.

- Земля вращается вокруг солнца.

I consider him to be an intelligent person.

- Я считаю его умным человеком.

I see a girl in the window.

- Я вижу девочку в окне.

He doesn’t understand English.

- Он не понимает английского языка.

If I see her I will ask her about it.

- Если я увижу ее, я спрошу ее об этом.

I will stay here until he returns.

- Я останусь здесь, пока он не вернется.

Таблица 4. ОБСТОЯТЕЛЬСТВЕННЫЕ СЛОВА И ВЫРАЖЕНИЯ, УПОТРЕБЛЯЮЩИЕСЯ

В THE PRESENT SIMPLE TENSE.

Обстоятельство

Перевод

never

often

sometimes

usually

seldom

always

all the time

on Saturdays

at seven o’clock

in the morning

in the afternoon

in the evening

on Monday

at half past six

никогда

часто

иногда

обычно

редко

всегда

все время

по субботам

в семь часов

утром

днем

вечером

в понедельник

в половине седьмого

Упражнение 1. Выберите правильный вариант отрицательного предложения.

1. He gets up early.

1)

He doesn’t get up early.

2)

He don’t get up early.

2. She goes to the office at nine o’clock.

1)

She doesn’t go to the office at nine o’clock.

2)

She doesn’t goes to the office at nine o’clock.

3. We usually stay at home in the evening.

1)

We don’t usually stay at home in the evening.

2)

We usually not stay at home in the evening.

4. They like to dance.

1)

They don’t like to dance.

2)

They not like to dance.

5. He does his morning exercises every day.

1)

He doesn’t do his morning exercises every day.

2)

He not to do his morning exercises every day.

6. I go to the movies every week.

1)

I don’t go to the movies every week.

2)

I doesn’t go the movies every week.

Упражнения 2. Выберите правильную форму глагола.

1. He ... in Moscow (live, lives, lived).

2. Your sister ... at our office (worked, work, works).

3. His wife ... to the factory every morning (go, goes, gone).

4. He ... English well (speaks, spoke, spoken).

5.

My friend ... to read books (like, likes, liked).

6. This worker ... near the factory (live, lived, lives).

Упражнение 3. Выберите правильную форму вспомогательного глагола.

1.

Where ... he live (does, do, did)?

2. What language ... your friend study (do, did, does)?

3. When ... you have your English (does, do, did)?

4. ... he a good driver (has, is, does)?

5. When ... she begin her classes (did, have, does)?

6... this man speak French (Does, Do, Is)?

Упражнение 4. Выберите правильную форму глагола.

1.

He (buy, buys) bread in the morning.

2.

She (gets, get) up at 7 o'clock.

3.

John (go, goes) to work by car.

4.

We (start, starts) work at nine o'clock.

5.

They (likes, like) tennis.

6.

Peter and Cat (listen, listens) to music in the evening.

7.

The shop (open, opens) at eight o'clock.

8.

I (start, starts) work at nine o'clock.

Упражнение 5. Выберите правильную форму глагола.

1. Mary (don't, doesn't) play tennis.

2. We (don't, doesn't) get up at seven o'clock on Saturdays.

3. She (like, likes) classical music.

4. He doesn't (work, works) on Sundays.

5. He doesn't (like, likes) her.

6. Mr. Smith does not (go, goes) to work by bus.

7. John and David (do not, does not) play tennis on Monday.

8. I (don't, doesn't) watch television in the morning.

Таблица 5. ОБРАЗОВАНИЕ ВРЕМЕНИ THE PAST SIMPLE TENSE

Правильные глаголы

Окончание глагола в инфинитиве

Окончание

глагола в

Past Simple

Примеры

1.

если инфинитив оканчивается на букву «е»,

которая не читается

«- d -»

to live – lived

to like – liked

2.

если односложный глагол оканчивается на

согласную букву, которой предшествует

краткая гласная, то согласная буква

удваивается

«- ed -»

to stop – stopped

3.

если глагол оканчивается на согласную

букву с двумя предшествующими

гласными

«- ed -»

to permit – permitted

НO: to open – opened

4.

если глагол оканчивается на согласную

букву «у» и ей предшествует согласная

буква, то «у» меняется на «i»

«- ed -»

to study – studied

5.

если глагол оканчивается на согласную

букву «у» и ей предшествует гласная буква

«- ed -»

to stay - stayed

Упражнение 1. Выберите правильную форму глагола.

1.

to ask – asked, askked

2.

to invite – invityed, invited

3.

to type – typped, typed

4.

to die – dyed, died

5.

to look – looked, lookked

6.

to close – closed, closied

Упражнение 2. Выберите правильную форму глагола.

1.

to use – used, usied

2.

to smoke – smokked, smoked

3.

to listen – listenned, listened

4.

to help – helped, helpped

5.

to play – plaied, played

6.

to permit – permited, permitted

Упражнение 3. Выберите правильную форму глагола.

1.

to work – worked, workked

2.

to stop – stoped, stopped

3.

to serve – served, servied

4.

to study – studyed, studied

5.

to test – tested, testted

6.

to tire – tired, tirred

Неправильные глаголы (см. таблицу 38)

Утвердительное

Вопросительное

Отрицательное предложение

предложение

предложение

полная форма

сокращенная форма

I saw

you saw

he saw

she saw

it saw

we saw

you saw

they saw

Did I see... ?

Did you see...?

Did he see.. ?

Did she see.. .?

Did it see.. .?

Did we see... ?

Did you see.. .?

Did they see...?

I did not see

you did not see

he did not see

she did not see

it did not see

we did not see

you did not see

they did not see

I didn’t see

you didn’t see

he didn’t see

she didn’t see

it didn’t see

we didn’t see

you didn’t see

they didn’t see

Таблица 6. УПОТРЕБЛЕНИЕ THE PAST SIMPLE TENSE

Случаи употребления

Примеры

1.

Для выражения обычного,

повторявшегося действия.

Last year we went to the cinema every week.

В прошлом году мы каждую неделю ходили в кино.

2.

Для выражения последовательных

действий в прошлом.

He left the house, took a taxi and went to the airport.

Он вышел из дома, взял такси и поехал в аэропорт.

3.

Для выражения действия,

совершившегося в истекший период

времени.

I met her sister two hours ago.

Два часа назад я встретил ее сестру.

Таблица 7. ОБСТОЯТЕЛЬСТВЕННЫЕ СЛОВА И ВЫРАЖЕНИЯ,

УПОТРЕБЛЯЮЩИЕСЯ В THE PAST SIMPLE TENSE

Обстоятельство

Перевод

yesterday

last night

last month

last year

two days ago

a minute ago

in 2005

вчера

вчера вечером

в прошлом месяце

в прошлом году

два дня назад

минуту назад

в 2005

Упражнение 1. Выберите правильный вариант английских предложений.

1. 1) He goes to see John yesterday.

2) He went to see John yesterday.

2. 1) Did he lived in London?

2) Did he live in London?

3. 1) He didn't work yesterday.

2) He didn't worked yesterday.

4. 1) Did Irwin Shaw wrote "Rich Man, Poor Man"?

2) Did Irwin Shaw write "Rich Man, Poor Man"?

5. 1) He didn't eat chicken yesterday.

2) He didn't ate chicken yesterday.

Упражнение 2. Выберите правильную форму глагола.

1. I (see, saw, seen) a movie last week.

2. You (watched, watching, watch) TV yesterday.

3. He (listen, listened, listening) to the radio.

4. She (playing, plays, played) tennis last Sunday.

5. We (take, took, taken) a taxi last night.

Упражнение 3. Выберите правильный вариант вопроса к выделенным словам.

1. He went to America in 2010.

1)Where did he go to in 2010?

2)Who went there in 2010?

3)Why did he go to America?

2. He went to America in 2010.

1)When did he go to America?

2)When he went to America?

3)Where did he go in 2010?

3. She worked in a bank last year.

1)Where worked she last year?

2)Where did she work last year?

3)Where she worked last year?

4. She worked in a bank last year.

1)What did she do in a bank last year?

2)Where did she work last year?

3)When did she work in a bank?

5. She worked in a bank last year.

1)Who worked in a bank?

2)When did she work in a bank?

3)Where did she work?

6. They stopped their work at 5 o'clock.

1)When did they stop their work?

2)Where did they stop their work?

3)Who stopped their work?

7. Alice was born in London in 1996.

1) Where was Alice born?

2) When was Alice born?

3) Who was born in London?

8. Alice was born in London in 1996.

1) Was Alice born in 1996?

2) When was Alice born?

3) Where was Alice born?

Упражнение 4. Составьте отрицательные предложения из следующих слов.

1. TV, yesterday, didn’t, he, watch

2. Yesterday, the piano, John, play, didn’t

3. Drink, last, Alice, didn’t, coffee, night

4. I, car, my, didn’t, Sam, to, lend

5. Didn’t, yesterday, Mary, to, go, the, movies

6. Dog, with, John, take, him, didn’t, his

Таблица 8. СПРЯЖЕНИЕ ГЛАГОЛА TO BE – “ БЫТЬ” В

THE PAST SIMPLE TENSE

Утвердительное предложение

единственное число

множественное число

I was

you were

he was

she was

it was

we were

you were

they were

Вопросительное предложение

Was I...?

Were you...?

Was he...?

Was she...?

Was it...?

Were we...?

Were you...?

Were they...?

Отрицательное предложение

единственное число

множественное число

полная форма

сокращенная форма

полная форма

сокращенная форма

I was not

You were not

He was not

She was not

It was not

I wasn’t

You weren’t

He wasn’t

She wasn’t

It wasn’t

We were not

You were not

They were not

We weren’t

You weren’t

They weren’t

Упражнение 1. Выберите правильную форму глагола to be.

1. Where ... John yesterday?

(was, were)

2. When ... Mary and Ann hungry?

(was, were)

3. Who ... a doctor?

(was, were)

4. When ... cheese cheap last year?

(was, were)

Упражнение 2. Выберите правильную форму глагола to be.

1.

I… tired last night (was, were).

2.

Where… Ann yesterday (was, were)?

3.

The weather… good last week (was, were).

4.

You… late yesterday (was, were).

5.

They… here last Sunday (wasn’t, weren’t).

6.

Last year Lisa… 22 (was, were).

Упражнение 3. Выберите правильную форму глагола to be.

1.

Today the weather (is, are, was) nice but yesterday it (was, were) very cold.

2.

I (am, is, are) hungry. Can I have anything to eat?

3.

I feel fine today but I (was, were) very tired last night.

4.

Where (was, were) you at 11 o’clock last Friday morning?

5.

This time last year I (was, were) in Paris.

6.

Where (is, are) the children? I don’t know. They (was, were) in the garden ten minutes ago.

Упражнение 4. Составьте вопросы из следующих слов.

1.

You, this, were, late, morning, why?

2.

Last, Ann, where, Chris, and, week, were?

3.

Yesterday, why, angry, were, you?

4.

Nice, week, was, the, weather, last?

5.

You, last, at, were, night, home?

6.

At, George, last, work, was, week?

Упражнение 5. Продолжите данное предложение. Выберите правильную форму глагола

to be.

E.g. Now the room is empty but what was there in the room last week?

1.

There (was, were) a clock on the wall near the window.

2.

There (was, were) a carpet on the floor.

3.

There (was, were) pictures on the wall near the door.

4.

There (was, were) some flowers on the table.

5.

There (was, were) an armchair in the corner near the door.

6.

There (was, were) some books on the shelves.

7.

There (was, were) a sofa opposite the door.

Таблица 9. THE FUTURE SIMPLE TENSE

Утвердительное предложение

полная форма

сокращенная форма

I will work

you will work

he will work

she will work

it will work

we will work

you will work

they will work

I’ll work

you’ll work

he’ll work

she’ll work

it’ll work

we’ll work

you’ll work

they’ll work

Вопросительное предложение

единственное число

множественное число

Will I work...?

Will you work...?

Will he work...?

Will she work...?

Will it work...?

Will we work...?

Will you work...?

Will they work...?

Отрицательное предложение

полная форма

сокращенная форма

I will not work

you will not work

he will not work

she will not work

it will not work

we will not work

you will not work

they will not work

I won’t work

you won’t work

he won’t work

she won’t work

it won’t work

we won’t work

you won’t work

they won’t work

Таблица 10. УПОТРЕБЛЕНИЕ THE FUTURE SIMPLE TENSE

Случаи употребления

Примеры

1.

Для выражения обычного

повторяющегося действия в

будущем.

Next year we will go to the cinema every week.

В следующем году мы каждую неделю будем ходить

в кино.

2.

Для выражения последовательных

действий в будущем.

He will leave the house, take a taxi and go to the airport.

Он выйдет из дома, возьмет такси и поедет в аэропорт.

3.

Для выражения действия, которое

совершится в определенный период

в будущем.

I will meet her sister in two hours.

Через два часа я встречу ее сестру.

ПРАВИЛО - ПРИМЕЧАНИЕ: в придаточных предложениях времени и условия, отосящихся к

будущему времени, употребляется одно из времен Present.

Таблица 11. ОБСТОЯТЕЛЬСТВЕННЫЕ СЛОВА И ВЫРАЖЕНИЯ, УПОТРЕБЛЯЮЩИЕСЯ В

THE FUTURE SIMPLE TENSE

обстоятельство

перевод

tonight

tomorrow

the day after tomorrow

one of these days

tomorrow morning

tomorrow evening

in two ( three, four ) days

in a week

in a month

in a year

next week

next month

next year

soon

in 2005

- сегодня вечером

- завтра

- послезавтра

- на днях

- завтра утром

- завтра вечером

- через два (три, четыре) дня

- через неделю

- через месяц

- через год

- на будущей неделе

- в будущем месяце

- на будущий год

-

скоро, вскоре

- в 2005 году

Упражнение 1. Выберите правильную форму глагола.

1.

John bought a new car last year. I think I (will buy, buy, will have buy) it too.

2.

Mary lent me a fiver yesterday. I don't think she (will have lent, will lend, lend) me money

tomorrow.

3.

I didn't go to the movies last week. Perhaps, I (will have gone, will go, will be going) to the

movies tomorrow.

4.

It was late. I took a taxi. It is late. I think I (take, will take, will have taken) a taxi.

5.

I was busy yesterday. Perhaps, I (will do, will be doing, will have done) it tomorrow.

Упражнение 2. Выберите правильную форму глагола.

1.

My horoscope said "You (will have, have, will have had) a wonderful week".

But actually, I (had, have) a terrible week.

2.

My horoscope said "Money (will come, came, comes) to you".

But actually, I (borrow, borrowed, have borrowed) a fiver.

3.

My horoscope said "You (met, have met, will meet) a tall dark stranger".

But actually, I (met, meet, will have met) a short fat doctor.

4.

My horoscope said "This (will be, would be, was) a good time for love".

But actually, my girlfriend (were, has been, was) very unkind to me.

5.

My horoscope said "There (was, will have been, will be) good news on Tuesday".

But actually, there (was, were, have been) bad news every day.

Упражнение 3. Поставьте вопросы к выделенным словам. Выберите правильный вариант.

1.

In the evening we shall go to the cinema.

1) When will we go to the cinema?

2) When we will go to the cinema?

2. In the evening we shall go to the cinema.

1) Where we will go in the evening?

2) Where will we go in the evening?

3. In the afternoon he will write a letter to his mother.

1) Who will write a letter to his mother in the afternoon?

2) In the afternoon will he write a letter to his mother?

4. In the afternoon he will write a letter to his mother.

1) In the afternoon will he write a letter to his mother?

2) Who will he write a letter to?

5. After dinner they will stay at home.

1) Where will they stay after dinner?

2) Where they will stay after dinner?

6. After dinner they will stay at home.

1) When they will stay at home?

2) When will they stay at home?

Упражнение 4. Выберите правильный вариант английских предложений.

1. My friend works in an office in Moscow (next year).

1) My friend worked in an office in Moscow next year.

2) My friend will work in an office in Moscow next year.

2. They leave home in the morning (tomorrow).

1) They will leave home in the morning tomorrow.

2) They leave home in the morning tomorrow.

3. I go for a walk after dinner (tonight).

1) I will go for a walk after dinner tonight.

2) I go for a walk after dinner tonight.

4. Nick gets up at seven o’clock (tomorrow).

1) Nick will get up at seven o’clock tomorrow.

2) Nick will gets up at seven o’clock tomorrow.

5. My daughter is a doctor (in a year).

1) My daughter is a doctor in a year.

2) My daughter will be a doctor in a year.

6. There is a fine garden in front of the house (soon).

1) Soon there will be a fine garden in front of the house.

2) There be a fine garden in front of the garden soon.

Упражнение 5. Выберите правильный вариант отрицательных предложений.

1. I will see this film tonight.

1) I won’t see this film tonight.

2) I don’t see this film tonight.

2. He will be at home in an hour.

1) He won’t be at home in an hour.

2) He is not at home in an hour.

3. I will have an English lesson tomorrow.

1) I’ll have not an English lesson tomorrow.

2) I won’t have an English lesson tomorrow.

4. We will have dinner at home.

1) We won’t have dinner at home.

2) We don’t have dinner at home.

5. We’ll go to the park after breakfast.

1) We didn’t go to the park after breakfast.

2) We won’t go to the park after breakfast.

6. He’ll begin this work in a week.

1) He won’t begin this work in a week.

2) He isn’t begin this work in a week.

Упражнение 6. Выберите правильную форму глагола.

1.

We will go out after I (finish, will finish) my work.

2.

If the train (leave, leaves) at 8 o’clock, they will go to Oslo in time.

3.

As soon as he (comes, will come) home, he will begin to do his homework.

4.

If we (are, will be) at home in the evening, they will come to see us.

5.

They will have dinner as soon as their mother (comes, will come) home.

6.

He will go there unless he (will be, is) too busy.

Таблица 12. THE PRESENT CONTINUOUS TENSE

Образование

am

смысловой глагол

is

+

с

are

окончанием -

ing

Утвердительное предложение

полная форма

сокращенная форма

I am reading

you are reading

he is reading

she is reading

it is reading

we are reading

you are reading

they are reading

I’m reading

you’re reading

he’s reading

she’s reading

it’s reading

we’re reading

you’re reading

they’re reading

Вопросительное предложение

единственное число

множественное число

Am I reading...?

Are you reading...?

Is he reading...?

Is she reading...?

Is it reading...?

Are we reading...?

Are you reading...?

Are they reading...?

Отрицательное предложение

полная форма

сокращенная форма

I am not reading

you are not reading

he is not reading

she is not reading

I’m not reading

you aren’t reading

he isn’t reading

she isn’t reading

it is not reading

we are not reading

you are not reading

they are not reading

it isn’t reading

we aren’t reading

you aren’t reading

they aren’t reading

ПРАВИЛО - ПРИМЕЧАНИЕ: cочетание to be going to do something переводится на

русский язык: “собираться что-то сделать”

Обстоятельства: at this moment - в настоящий момент

now - сейчас

Таблица 13. УПОТРЕБЛЕНИЕ THE PRESENT CONTINUOUS TENSE

Случаи употребления

Примеры

1.

Для выражения длительного действия,

совершающегося в момент речи.

She is reading a book now.

- Она сейчас читает книгу.

2.

Для выражения длительного действия,

совершающегося в настоящий период

времени.

He is writing a new play.

- Он пишет новую пьесу.

3.

Для выражения будущего длительного

времени в придаточных предложениях

условия и времени.

If she is sleeping when you come, please, don’t wake

her up.

- Если она будет спать, когда вы придете,

пожалуйста, не будите ее.

4.

Для выражения будущего времени, когда

речь идет о заранее намеченном действии.

We are leaving Paris tomorrow.

- Завтра мы покидаем Париж.

Таблица 14. СПИСОК ГЛАГОЛОВ НЕ УПОТРЕБЛЯЮЩИХСЯ В

THE PRESENT CONTINUOUS TENSE

Глагол

перевод

to want

to like

to dislike

to love

to wish

to see

to hear

to feel

to notice

to know

to understand

to remember

to recognize

to forget

to seem

to be

хотеть

нравиться

не нравиться

любить

желать

видеть

слышать

чувствовать

замечать

знать

понимать

помнить

узнавать

забывать

казаться

быть

Упражнение 1. Выберите правильную форму глагола.

1. Mary (look, is looking) at John now.

2. John (is watching, watch) TV now.

3. Alice (play, is playing) the piano now.

4. We (are listening, listen) to music now.

5. I (read, am reading) a newspaper now.

6. My wife (is cooking, cook) now.

7. My daughter (help, is helping) my wife now.

Упражнение 2. Выберите правильную форму глагола.

1. "What are you doing?"-"I (watch, am watching) television".

2. "What is your wife doing?"-"She (cook, is cooking).

3. «Could I speak to Sue, please?"-"I'm afraid she is out. She (plays, is playing) tennis.

She always (plays, is playing) tennis on Saturdays».

4. (Do you know, Are you knowing) my friend Alice Smith?

5. "What (do you do, are you doing)?"-"I am reading".

6. "What (do you do, are you doing)?" – “I am a doctor”.

7. "What (do you do, are you doing) this evening?"-"I (go, am going) to see my friends”.

Упражнение 3. Выберите правильный вариант русских предложений.

1. They are going to have dinner.

1) Они собираются обедать.

2) Они идут обедать.

2. I am going to stay at home.

1) Я иду домой, чтобы там остаться.

2) Я собираюсь остаться дома.

3. She is going to read the newspaper.

1) Она идет читать газету.

2) Она собирается читать газету.

4. When are you going to see your friend?

1) Когда вы пойдете навестить друга?

2) Когда вы собираетесь навестить друга?

5. I am not going to speak to him.

1) Я не собираюсь с ним разговаривать.

2) Я не пойду туда, чтобы поговорить с ним.

6. What are you going to do tomorrow?

1) Куда вы пойдете завтра?

2) Что вы собираетесь делать завтра?

Упражнение 4. Составьте предложения из данных слов.

1.

Going, work, Sunday, to, Pete, on, isn’t.

2.

John, a, is, Sue, to, going, concert, invite, to.

3.

Is, father’s, Carlos, going, car, drive, to, his?

4.

Are, to, dinner, after, they, going, the, have, theatre?

5.

Call, Jane, isn’t, John, to, going.

6.

I, hat, am, new, going, a, buy, to.

Таблица 15. THE PAST CONTINUOUS TENSE

Образование

was смысловой глагол

+

с

were окончанием

- ing

Утвердительное предложение

Вопросительное предложение

I was reading

you were reading

he was reading

she was reading

it was reading

we were reading

you were reading

they were reading

Was I reading...?

Were you reading...?

Was he reading...?

Was she reading..?

Was it reading...?

Were we reading...?

Were you reading...?

Were they reading...?

Отрицательное предложение

полная форма

сокращенная форма

I was not reading

you were not reading

he was not reading

she was not reading

it was not reading

we were not reading

you were not reading

they were not reading

I wasn’t reading

you weren’t reading

he wasn’t reading

she wasn’t reading

it wasn’t reading

we weren’t reading

you weren’t reading

they weren’t reading

Таблица 14. УПОТРЕБЛЕНИЕ THE PAST CONTINUOUS TENSE

Случаи употребления

Примеры

1.

Для выражения длительного действия,

совершавшегося в определенный

момент в прошлом.

It was raining at seven o’clock.

- В семь часов шел дождь.

It was snowing when he left the laboratory.

- Шел снег, когда он вышел из лаборатории.

We were playing tennis from five to seven.

- Мы играли в теннис с пяти до семи часов.

2.

Для выражения длительного действия,

которое совершалось в определенный

отрезок времени, но не происходило

непрерывно.

He was writing a play during winter.

- Зимой он писал пьесу.

Таблица 16. ОБСТОЯТЕЛЬСТВЕННЫЕ ВЫРАЖЕНИЯ, УПОТРЕБЛЯЮЩИЕСЯ В THE PAST

CONTINUOUS TENSE

Обстоятельство

перевод

at 6 o’clock yesterday

yesterday from 3 to 5.

вчера в 6 часов

вчера с 3 до 5 часов

Другое действие, выраженное в the Past Simple Tense.

I was reading a book when he came in.

While I was reading a book he came.

Я читал книгу, когда он вошел.

Пока я читал книгу, он пришел.

Упражнение 1. Выберите правильную форму глагола.

1.

When I (was looking, looked) through the newspaper, he (entered, was entering)

the room.

2.

They (were laughing, laughed) while they (were listening, listened) to the story.

3.

When I (entered, was entering) the store, the shop-assistant (was standing, stood) near the desk.

4.

The man (was having, had) lunch, when the young woman (was coming, came) in.

5.

I (was dressing, dressed) when the telephone (rang, was ringing).

6.

Yesterday she (was training, trained) in the sport club all day long.

Упражнение 2. Выберите правильную форму глагола.

1. He (was reading, were reading) when I called him.

2. What (was, were) you doing at 5 o'clock?

3. My brother (was having, were having) lunch when I came home.

4. I (wasn't watching, weren't watching) television at 8 o'clock last night.

5. When I got up yesterday my wife (was cooking, were cooking) breakfast.

6. Sue (was dancing, were dancing), but when she saw me she stopped.

7. When I got up yesterday it (was raining, were raining).

Упражнение 3. Выберите правильный вариант английских предложений.

1.

1) When I was cleaning the house I found some old letters.

2) When I cleaned the house I was finding some old letters.

2.

1) The phone was ringing while I took a bath.

2) The phone rang while I was taking a bath.

3.

1) When I saw her she was reading.

2) When I was seeing her she read.

4.

1) Nobody was reading the text when the teacher came back.

2) Nobody read the text when the teacher was coming back.

Упражнение 4. Выберите правильную форму глагола.

1.

I called you at six o'clock, but you weren't there. What ...?(did you do, you were doing, are you

doing, were you doing).

2.

The children ... when the teacher came in (talked, are talking, were talking, was talking).

3.

I didn't see Sue because I ... at Ann (look, looked, were looking, was looking).

4.

David ... while his wife was watching TV (worked, were working, was working, works).

Таблица 17. THE FUTURE CONTINUOUS TENSE

Образование

смысловой глагол

will be

+

с

окончанием

- ing

Утвердительное предложение

полная форма

сокращенная форма

I will be reading

you will be reading

he will be reading

she will be reading

I’ll be reading

you’ll be reading

he’ll be reading

she’ll be reading

it will be reading

we will be reading

you will be reading

they will be reading

it’ll be reading

we’ll be reading

you’ll be reading

they’ll be reading

Вопросительное предложение

единственное число

множественное число

Will I be reading...?

Will you be reading...?

Will he be reading...?

Will she be reading...?

Will it be reading...?

Will we be reading...?

Will you be reading...?

Will they be reading...?

Отрицательное предложение

полная форма

сокращенная форма

I will not be reading

you will not be reading

he will not be reading

she will not be reading

it will not be reading

we will not be reading

you will not be reading

they will not be reading

I won’t be reading

you won’t be reading

he won’t be reading

she won’t be reading

it won’t be reading

we won’t be reading

you won’t be reading

they won’t be reading

Таблица 18. УПОТРЕБЛЕНИЕ THE FUTURE CONTINUOUS TENSE

Случаи употребления

Примеры

1.

Для выражения длительного действия,

которое будет совершаться в

определенный момент в будущем.

2.

Для выражения длительного действия,

которое будет совершаться в

определенном отрезке времени.

3.

Для выражения недлительного действия,

когда выражается намерение совершить

заранее намеченное действие.

I will still be working at 5 o’clock.

- Я еще буду работать в пять часов.

He will be preparing for his exams in June.

- В июне он будет готовиться к экзаменам.

We will be meeting him at the station.

- Мы будем встречать (встретим) его на станции.

Таблица 19. ОБСТОЯТЕЛЬСТВЕННЫЕ ВЫРАЖЕНИЯ, УПОТРЕБЛЯЮЩИЕСЯ В THE

FUTURE CONTINUOUS TENSE

обстоятельство

перевод

at 5 o’clock tomorrow

tomorrow from 6 to 7.

завтра в 5 часов

завтра с 6 до 7 часов

Другое действие, относящееся к будущему времени,

но выраженное глаголом в настоящем времени.

I will be reading a book when you come to

see me.

Я буду читать книгу, когда ты

придешь ко мне.

ПРАВИЛО - ПРИМЕЧАНИЕ: в придаточных предложениях времени и условия,

относящихся к будущему времени, употребляется одно из времен Present.

Упражнение 1. Выберите правильную форму глагола.

1.

I expect I (will be playing, will play) a lot of football this term.

2.

The evenings (will get, will be getting) long soon.

3.

Now that your assistant’s gone you (will look, will be looking) for someone to do this job.

4.

We (will have, will be having) coffee after dinner as usual.

5.

I don’t think you can see her. She (’ll be doing, ‘ll do) her homework after dinner.

6.

It is September already. The leaves (will fall, will be falling) soon.

Упражнение 2. Выберите правильную форму глагола.

1.

Don’t call her at 10. She (will be having), have, will have) breakfast.

2.

I’ll come soon. Good, I (wait, will be waiting, waits) for you.

3.

We (work, worked, will be working) from 5 to 7.

4.

Where will I find you? I (skates, will be skating, skated) at the skating-ring.

5.

Why don’t you switch off the TV set?

We (watched, watches, will be watching) a new film.

6.

Tom is too young. He (don’t ride, didn’t ride, will not be riding) in tomorrow’s race.

7.

I’m afraid, I will not understand him.

He (spoke, speak, will be speaking) English.

8.

It will be an enjoyable party.

Tom (danced, dances, will be dancing) the whole evening.

Упражнение 3. Выберите правильную форму глагола.

1.

At 8.15 the children (will be having, have, had) a walk.

2.

He (played, plays, will be playing) the piano from 1 to 3.

3.

Five times a week the students (come, comes, will be coming) at half past eight.

4.

He’s a good speaker. Everybody (listen, will be listening, listens) to his tomorrow’s lecture with

great attention.

5.

When the teacher comes the students (wrote, write, will be writing) the test.

6.

While I am watching TV my son (write, will be writing, wrote) a letter.

7.

Don’t interrupt him. He (will be learning, learnt, learns) a poem till 5 o’clock.

8.

They (play, are playing, will be playing) chess until parents come back home.

Таблица 20. THE PRESENT PERFECT TENSE

Образование

have (3-я форма

+

Past Participle смыслового

has глагола)

Утвердительное предложение

полная форма

сокращенная форма

I have seen

you have seen

he has seen

she has seen

it has seen

we have seen

you have seen

they have seen

I’ve seen

you’ve seen

he’s seen

she’s seen

it’s seen

we’ve seen

you’ve seen

they’ve seen

Вопросительное предложение

единственное число

множественное число

Have I seen...?

Have you seen...?

Has he seen...?

Has she seen...?

Has it seen...?

Have we seen...?

Have you seen...?

Have they seen...?

Отрицательное предложение

полная форма

сокращенная форма

I have not seen

you have not seen

he has not seen

she has not seen

it has not seen

we have not seen

you have not seen

they have not seen

I haven’t seen

you haven’t seen

he hasn’t seen

she hasn’t seen

it hasn’t seen

we haven’t seen

you haven’t seen

they haven’t seen

Таблица 21. УПОТРЕБЛЕНИЕ THE PRESENT PERFECT TENSE

Случаи употребления

Примеры

1.

Для

выражения

действия,

результат

которого

имеется налицо (в русском языке соответствует

прошедшему времени).

2.

С наречиями lately, recently, just и т.д.

(см. таблицу 23).

3.

С предлогом since (c какого-то прошлого момента

до настоящего времени), for (в течение какого-то

времени)

4.

Вместо Present Perfect Continuous c глаголами, не

употребляющимися во временах группы

Continuous. В этом случае Present Perfect

переводится на русский язык настоящим

временем.

I have broken my pencil.

- Я сломал карандаш.

She hasn’t received any letters from him lately.

-За последнее время она не получала от него

писем.

I have just seen him. -

Я только что видел его.

Mary hasn’t heard from him since last

summer.

- Мэри ничего о нем не слышала с прошлого

лета.

I have known him for three years.

- Я знаю его три года.

Таблица 22. СПРЯЖЕНИЕ ГЛАГОЛА «TO BE» В

THE PRESENT PERFECT TENSE

Утвердительное предложение

полная форма

сокращенная форма

I have been

you have been

he has been

she has been

it has been

we have been

you have been

they have been

I’ve been

you’ve been

he’s been

she’s been

it’s been

we’ve been

you’ve been

they’ve been

Вопросительное предложение

единственное число

множественное число

Have I been...?

Have you been...?

Has he been...?

Has she been...?

Has it been...?

Have we been...?

Have you been...?

Have they been...?

Отрицательное предложение

полная форма

сокращенная форма

I have not been

you have not been

he has not been

she has not been

it has not been

we have not been

you have not been

they have not been

I haven’t been

you haven’t been

he hasn’t been

she hasn’t been

it hasn’t been

we haven’t been

you haven’t been

they haven’t been

ПРАВИЛО - ПРИМЕЧАНИЕ: глаголы в the Present Prefect Tense переводятся на русский

язык глаголом прошедшего времени.

Таблица 23. ОБСТОЯТЕЛЬСТВЕННЫЕ СЛОВА И ВЫРАЖЕНИЯ,

УПОТРЕБЛЯЮЩИЕСЯ В THE PRESENT PERFECT TENSE

Обстоятельство

перевод

ever

never

just

already

lately

recently

up to now

yet

once

for years

for ages

since childhood

since 1999

this morning

this evening

this year

когда-либо

никогда

только что

уже

в последнее время

недавно

до сих пор

еще, уже

однажды, когда-то

в течение многих лет

целую вечность, долго

с детства

с 1999 года

этим утром

этим вечером

в этом году

ПРАВИЛО - ПРИМЕЧАНИЕ: с обстоятельствами типа “this morning” и т.д. the Present

Perfect Tense употребляется, если утро, вечер, год и т.д. еще не закончились.

Упражнение 1. Выберите правильный вариант английских предложений.

1)

He have never been to Rome.

He has never been to Rome.

2)

You have read that book?

Have you read that book?

3)

Mary has never been to Athens.

Mary never been to Athens.

4)

Have you ever been to London?

You have ever been to London?

5)

We've saw that play.

We've seen that play.

Упражнение 2. Выберите правильный вопрос.

E.g.: be to Rome.

Have you ever been to Rome?

1. (You) drive a foreign car

1) Have you ever driven a foreign car?

2) Has you ever drove a foreign car?

2. (She) eat that food

1) Has she ever eaten that food?

2) Have she ever eaten that food?

3. (He) kiss a foreign girl

1) Has he ever kiss a foreign girl?

2) Has he ever kissed a foreign girl?

4. (You) read any detective stories

1) Have you ever read any detective stories?

2) Have you ever readed any detective stories?

5. (They) be late

1) Have they ever been late?

2) Have they ever were late?

6. (He) study English

1) Has he ever studied English?

2) Has he ever studyed English?

Упражнение 3 . Составьте вопросы из следующих слов

1.

been, ever, to, Australia, have, you?

2.

you, have, ever, your, lost, passport?

3.

eaten, Chinese, ever, you, have, food?

4.

you, ever, a, flown, in, have, helicopter?

5.

ever, you, a, driven, have, bus?

6.

broken, your, ever, have, you, leg?

Упражнение 4. Поставьте вопросы с вопросительными словами, данными в скобках.

Helen has never been to China. (Where?)

He has already gone away? (Who?)

Kate has just bought a new car. (What?)

She has been married three times. (How many times?)

This writer has written 10 books. (How many?)

Упражнение 5. Выберите правильный вариант русских предложений.

1.

The bus has just gone.

1) Автобус только что ушел.

2) Автобус уже ушел.

2.

He hasn’t opened the door yet.

1) Он до сих пор не открыл дверь.

2) Он еще не открыл дверь.

3.

They have just finished their dinner.

1) Они только что пообедали.

2) Они уже закончили свой обед.

4.

Have you written the letter yet?

1) Вы еще не написали письмо?

2) Вы уже написали письмо?

5.

The bus hasn’t gone yet.

1) Автобус уже ушел.

2) Автобус еще не ушел.

6.

Has Tom sold his car yet?

1) Том уже продал свою машину?

2) Том еще не продал свою машину?

Упражнение 6. Выберите правильный вариант английских предложений.

1.

Вы когда-нибудь ездили на лошади?

1) Have you ever ridden a horse?

2) Have you never ridden a horse?

2.

Я никогда не разговаривал со знаменитым человеком.

1) I never told to a famous person.

2) I have never spoken to a famous person.

3.

Мы не виделись вечность!

1) We haven’t seen each other for ages!

2) We didn’t see each other one hundred years.

4.

Я уже выпил две чашки кофе.

1) I drunk two cups of coffee yet.

2) I’ve already drunk two cups of coffee.

5.

Вы когда-нибудь были в Италии?

1) Have you ever been to Italy?

2) Have you ever been in Italy?

6.

Анна только что получила это письмо.

1) Ann have just received this letter.

2) Ann has just received this letter.

Таблица 24. THE PAST PERFECT TENSE

Образование

(3-я форма

had

+

Past Participle смыслового

глагола)

Утвердительное предложение

полная форма

сокращенная форма

I had seen

you had seen

he had seen

I’d seen

you’d seen

he’d seen

she had seen

it had seen

we had seen

you had seen

they had seen

she’d seen

it had seen

we’d seen

you’d seen

they’d seen

Вопросительное предложение

единственное число

множественное число

Had I seen...?

Had you seen...?

Had he seen...?

Had she seen...?

Had it seen...?

Had we seen...?

Had you seen...?

Had they seen...?

Отрицательное предложение

полная форма

сокращенная форма

I had not seen

you had not seen

he had not seen

she had not seen

it had not seen

we had not seen

you had not seen

they had not seen

I hadn’t seen

you hadn’t seen

he hadn’t seen

she hadn’t seen

it hadn’t seen

we hadn’t seen

you hadn’t seen

they hadn’t seen

Таблица 25. УПОТРЕБЛЕНИЕ THE PAST PERFECT TENSE

Случаи употребления

Примеры

7.

Для выражения действия,

совершившегося к определенному

моменту в прошлом. Предлог by.

8.

Действие, совершившееся до другого

действия в прошлом.

I had read the article by seven o’clock.

- Я прочитал статью к семи часам.

When she came the children had already fallen

asleep.

- Когда она пришла, дети уже заснули.

Таблица 26. ОБСТОЯТЕЛЬСТВЕННЫЕ СЛОВА И ВЫРАЖЕНИЯ, УПОТРЕБЛЯЮЩИЕСЯ В

THE PAST PERFECT TENSE

обстоятельство

перевод

в прошлом

by 5 o’clock

by the evening

by the end of the year и т.д.

к пяти часам

к вечеру

к концу года и т.д.

одно действие в прошлом произошло раньше другого

I had already read the book when my

friend rang me up.

Я уже прочитал книгу, когда мой друг

позвонил мне.

Упражнение 1. Выберите правильную форму глагола.

1.

I (had already done, have already done) my home-work by 5 o’clock.

2.

The children (have already fallen asleep, had already fallen asleep) when we came.

3.

The students (will have read, had read) this article by 3 o’clock yesterday.

4.

On my way to the University I remembered that I (left, had left) the text-book at home.

5.

We (have reached, had reached) the station by that time yesterday

6.

As we (had not got, did not get) any letters from them, we decided to go to see them.

Упражнение 2. Выберите правильную форму глагола.

1.

Victor said that he (didn’t see, had not seen) this film.

2.

I (had not translated, did not translate) this article by Saturday.

3.

You (had posted, posted) the letter before I rang you up.

4.

They (had packed, packed) their things by 5 o’clock yesterday.

5.

She (studied, had studied) English before she entered the University.

6.

The guests went home after they (had had, had) dinner.

Упражнение 3. Выберите правильную форму глагола.

1.

We (have already come, had already come) home when it began raining.

2.

The train (had left, have left, left) when he arrived at the station.

3.

The typist (hadn’t typed, haven’t typed, didn’t type) all the letters when I came.

4.

He entered the hall when the lecture (has already begun, began, had already begun).

5.

He (had finished, has finished, finished) his dinner by four o’clock.

6.

They (has completed, had completed, completed) their experiment by the end of the year.

Упражнение 4. Прочитайте ситуации и составьте предложение из слов, данных в скобках,

используя Past Perfect.

Eg.: You went to Laura's house but she wasn't there (She, go, out).

She had gone out.

1.

You went back to your home town after many years. It wasn’t the same as before.

(It, change, a lot).

2.

I invited Rachel to the party but she couldn’t come.

(She, arrange, to do something else).

3.

You went to the cinema last night. You arrived at the cinema late.

(The film, already, begin).

4.

I was very pleased to see Tim after such a long time.

(I, not, see, him, for ages).

5.

I offered Sue something to eat but she was not hungry.

(She, just, have, breakfast).

Упражнение 5. Поставьте глаголы в скобках в правильном времени.

1.

He (to make) an appointment with Mr. Brown by that time.

2.

She (to pack) everything by 5 o’clock yesterday.

3.

They (to attend) Long Festival before they left for home.

4.

It (to happen) before you returned home from the trip.

5.

He knew that the Whites (to go) to Washington D.C. by car.

6.

I (to read) the novel before I saw the film.

Таблица 27. THE FUTURE PERFECT TENSE

Образование

(3-я форма

will have

+

Past Participle смыслового

глагола)

Утвердительное предложение

полная форма

сокращенная форма

I will have seen

you will have seen

he will have seen

she will have seen

it will have seen

we will have seen

you will have seen

they will have seen

I’ll have seen

you’ll have seen

he’ll have seen

she’ll have seen

it’ll have seen

we’ll have seen

you’ll have seen

they’ll have seen

Вопросительное предложение

единственное число

множественное число

Will I have seen...?

Will you have seen...?

Will he have seen...?

Will it have seen...?

Will we have seen...?

Will you have seen...?

Will they have seen...?

Отрицательное предложение

полная форма

сокращенная форма

I will not have seen

you will not have seen

he will not have seen

she will not have seen

it will not have seen

we will not have seen

you will not have seen

they will not have seen

I won’t have seen

you won’t have seen

he won’t have seen

she won’t have seen

it won’t have seen

we won’t have seen

you won’t have seen

they won’t have seen

Таблица 28. УПОТРЕБЛЕНИЕ THE FUTURE PERFECT TENSE

Случаи употребления

Примеры

1. Для выражения действия, которое

совершится к определенному моменту в

будущем. Предлог by.

2. Действие, которое совершится до другого

действия в будущем.

I will have read the article by seven o’clock.

- Я прочитаю статью к семи часам.

When she comes the children will have already fallen

asleep.

- Когда она придет, дети уже заснут.

Таблица 29. ОБСТОЯТЕЛЬСТВЕННЫЕ СЛОВА И ВЫРАЖЕНИЯ, УПОТРЕБЛЯЮЩИЕСЯ В

THE FUTURE PERFECT TENSE

обстоятельство

перевод

в будущем

by the time

by 5 o’clock

by tomorrow

by the end of the month, etc.

к какому-то времени

к пяти часам

к завтрашнему дню

к концу месяца и т.д.

одно действие в будущем произойдет раньше другого

I will have read the book

when you come back.

- Я уже прочитаю книгу,

когда ты вернешься.

ПРАВИЛО-ПРИМЕЧАНИЕ: В английском языке в придаточных предложениях времени и

условия, относящихся к будущему времени, глагол всегда ставится в соответствующую

форму настоящего времени:

Упражнение 1. Выберите правильную форму глагола.

1.

She will have cooked dinner by the time you (will come, come).

2.

I (will have read, will read) the book by that time.

3.

They (will have already returned, will already return) home by Saturday.

4.

We will have done all the exercises by the time the teacher (will come, comes).

5.

I (will have translated, will translate) this article by this time tomorrow.

6.

He (will have written, will write) his report by the time the conference begins.

Упражнение 2. Поставьте глаголы в скобках в правильном времени.

1.

I (to translate) this article by 5 o’clock tomorrow.

2.

He (to complete) his work by the 7th of December.

3.

The train (to leave) by the time we get to the station.

4.

They (to have dinner) when Tom comes.

5.

He says that he (to leave) for business trip by the end of the week.

6.

She (to ring) us before she goes to London.

Упражнение 3. Выберите правильную форму глагола.

1.

When we (will return, return) home they will have already had dinner.

2.

I (will read, will have read) the book by the time you come.

3.

He (will not translate, will not have translated) the article by three o'clock.

4.

When the mother (will return, returns) home the children will have already fallen asleep.

5.

The bus (will leave, will have left) before we get to the bus-stop.

6.

Ann (will be ready, will have been ready) to go to the party by 6 o'clock.

Таблица 30. THE PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE

Образование

have смысловой глагол

been

+

с

has окончанием - ing

Утвердительное предложение

полная форма

сокращенная форма

I have been reading

you have been reading

he has been reading

she has been reading

it has been reading

we have been reading

you have been reading

they have been reading

I’ve been reading

you’ve been reading

he’s been reading

she’s been reading

it’s been reading

we’ve been reading

you’ve been reading

they’ve been reading

Вопросительное предложение

единственное число

множественное число

Have I been reading?

Have you been reading?

Has he been reading?

Have we been reading?

Have you been reading?

Have they been reading?

Has she been reading?

Has it been reading?

Отрицательное предложение

полная форма

сокращенная форма

I have not been reading

you have not been reading

he has not been reading

she has not been reading

it has not been reading

we have not been reading

you have not been reading

they have not been reading

I haven’t been reading

you haven’t been reading

he hasn’t been reading

she hasn’t been reading

it hasn’t been reading

we haven’t been reading

you haven’t been reading

they haven’t been reading

Таблица 31. УПОТРЕБЛЕНИЕ THE PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE

Случаи употребления

Примеры

1.

Для

выражения

длительного

действия,

совершающего ся

в

настоящем,

с

указанием

как

долго

оно

совершается

(соответствует

настоящему

времени).

Предлоги since, for.

2.

Для

выражения

длительного

действия,

ко т о р о е

н ач а л о с ь

в

п р о ш л о м

и

закончилось

непосредственно

перед

м о м е н т о м

р е ч и

( с о о т в е т с т в у е т

прошедшему времени).

She has been typing since ten o’clock.

- Она печатает с десяти часов.

Although the weather is fine, it is still cold as it has

been raining heavily.

- Хотя погода и хорошая, но еще холодно, так как

шел сильный дождь.

Упражнение 1. Выберите правильную форму глагола.

1.

I (have been sitting, am sitting) here for 15 minutes.

2.

We (are waiting, have been waiting) for the train for quite a time.

3.

The boys (are working, have been working) for a long time.

4.

He (is sleeping, has been sleeping) for many hours.

5.

He (has been reading, is reading) the newspaper for half an hour.

6.

I think she (is waiting, has been waiting) for me for twenty minutes.

Упражнение 2. Выберите правильную форму глагола.

1.

I (have been trying, have being trying) to get her on the phone for about twenty minutes.

2.

She (’s been looking, ‘ve being looking) for him since she left hotel.

3.

I’m sorry, - (have you been waiting, have you waiting) long?

4.

I really don’t know what you (have being done, have been doing) there all this time.

5.

Ever since it happened I (’ve been pretending, ‘ve being pretended) to myself that it was an

accident.

6.

What (have you being doing, have you been doing) since I saw you last?

Упражнение 3. Выберите правильное обстоятельство времени.

1.

I’ve been trying to find you (since ten o’clock, already).

2.

She’s been taking lessons (in two months, for about two months).

3.

Mother has been looking for you (since five o’clock, since five o’clock tomorrow).

4.

You’ve been reading too many mystery stories (last week, of late).

5.

That man has been sitting here (since the last bus left, since the last bus leaves).

6.

I’ve been telling you so (for years, in a year). But you’ve never paid any attention.

Упражнение 4. Выберите правильную форму глагола.

1.

She (has been teaching, is teaching, has taught) English since she graduated.

2.

They (are discussing, have discussed, have been discussing) the case for hours but were unable to

come to any decision.

3.

He (has looked, is looking, has been looking) for this exciting novel in many libraries for almost a

month.

4.

How long (have you been translating, have you translated, are you translating) this article?

5.

We (‘re living, ‘ve lived, ’ve been living) here for a month.

6.

They (are experimenting, have been experimenting, have experiment) with it since last year.

Упражнение 5 . Отметьте те предложения, которые могли бы продолжить данное предложение:

Everything is in a terrible disorder.

1.

The boys had been fighting.

2.

They have been papering the walls.

3.

They had been unpacking.

4.

The girls have been playing.

5.

My sister had been doing the room.

6.

My mother has been cooking.

Таблица 32. THE PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE

Образование

смысловой глагол

had been

+

с

окончанием - ing

Утвердительное предложение

полная форма

сокращенная форма

I had been reading

you had been reading

he had been reading

she had been reading

it had been reading

we had been reading

you had been reading

they had been reading

I’d been reading

you’d been reading

he’d been reading

she’d been reading

it had been reading

we’d been reading

you’d been reading

they’d been reading

Вопросительное предложение

единственное число

множественное число

Had I been reading?

Had you been reading?

Had he been reading?

Had she been reading?

Had it been reading?

Had we been reading?

Had you been reading?

Had they been reading?

Отрицательные предложения

полная форма

сокращенная форма

I had not been reading

you had not been reading

he had not been reading

she had not been reading

I hadn’t been reading

you hadn’t been reading

he hadn’t been reading

she hadn’t been reading

it hadn’t been reading

it had not been reading

we had not been reading

you had not been reading

they had not been reading

we hadn’t been reading

you hadn’t been reading

they hadn’t been reading

Таблица 33. УПОТРЕБЛЕНИЕ THE PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE

Случаи употребления

Примеры

1.

Для

выражения

длительного

действия,

совершавшегося

в

момент

наступления

другого

прошедшего

действия

с

указанием, как долго оно совершалось.

2.

Для

выражения

длительного

действия,

закончившегося

непосредственно

перед

м о м е н т о м

н а с т у п л е н и я

д р у г о г о

прошедшего времени.

I had been reading for two hours when my

girlfriend came.

- Я читал в течение двух часов, когда пришла

моя подружка.

She felt tired as she had been playing tennis for

several hours.

- Она чувствовала себя усталой, так как в

течение нескольких часов играла в теннис.

Упражнение 1. Выберите правильную форму глагола.

1.

We (had been walking, were walking) for about an hour when at last we found the post-office.

2.

They (were waiting, had been waiting) long before the train arrived.

3.

How long (was he studying, had he been studying) English before he entered the University?

4.

She (had been looking, was looking) through the books for a long time when at last she chose one

to her taste.

5.

We felt very tired because we (were working, had been working) for many hours.

6.

She (was waiting, had been waiting) for more than half an hour, when her boy friend appeared.

Упражнение 2. Выберите правильную форму глагола.

1.

Since the play began Tom (has been watching, had been watching) a girl sitting in front of him.

2.

She (has been working, had been working) at the language laboratory for hours until she improved

her pronunciation.

3.

By the time he was 25 he (had been writing, has been writing) for two years.

4.

They were tired as they (had been playing, have been playing) on the beach since the morning.

5.

He said that he (has been watching, had been watching) me for a long time.

6.

I wrote the letter. I (have been trying, had been trying) to write it for weeks.

Упражнение 3. Выберите правильную форму глагола.

1.

His hair (is, was) damp. He had been swimming again.

2.

She (looks, looked) pale. She had been working too much and needed a rest.

3.

She (danced, dances) better now. Her brother had been teaching her probably.

4.

When I (find, found) Mary she had been crying for several hours.

5.

I (looked out, look out) of the window. It had been raining all night again.

6.

She (looks, looked) upset. She had been reading a tragic story.

Упражнение 4. Выберите из двух предложений то, в котором правильно употреблено время.

1.

I had been trying to find a job for three months when finally I decided to emigrate.

I had tried to find a job for three months when finally I decided to emigrate.

2.

I was tired. I had been driving since six o’clock.

I was tired. I had driven since six o’clock.

3.

By the time we reached the place we were walking for 2 hours.

By the time we reached the place we had been walking for 2 hours.

4.

My lips were bleeding because I had been bitten them so hard.

My lips were bleeding because I had been biting them so hard.

Таблица 34. THE FUTURE PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE

Образование

смысловой глагол

will have been

+

с

окончанием - ing

Утвердительное предложение

полная форма

сокращенная форма

I will have been reading

you will have been reading

he will have been reading

she will have been reading

it will have been reading

we will have been reading

you will have been reading

they will have been reading

I’ll have been reading

you’ll have been reading

he’ll have been reading

she’ll have been reading

it’ll have been reading

we’ll have been reading

you’ll have been reading

they’ll have been reading

Вопросительное предложение

единственное число

множественное число

Will I have been reading?

Will you have been reading?

Will he have been reading?

Will she have been reading?

Will it have been reading??

Will we have been reading?

Will you have been reading?

Will they have been reading?

Отрицательные предложения

полная форма

сокращенная форма

I will not have been reading

you will not have been reading

he will not have been reading

she will not have been reading

it will not have been reading

we will not have been reading

you will not have been reading

they will not have been reading

I won’t have been reading

you won’t have been reading

he won’t have been reading

she won’t have been reading

it won’t have been reading

we won’t have been reading

you won’t have been reading

they won’t have been reading

Таблица 35. УПОТРЕБЛЕНИЕ THE FUTURE PERFECT CONTINUOUS

TENSE

Употребление

Примеры

Для

выражения

длительного

будущего

времени,

которое

начнется

раньше

другого

будущего времени и будет еще совершаться в

момент его наступления.

I will begin to work at 9 o’clock. When you return

home at 5 o’clock I will have been working for 7

hours.

- Я начну работать в девять часов. Когда в пять

часов вы вернетесь домой, я буду уже работать

семь часов.

Упражнение 1. Выберите правильную форму глагола.

1.

When you return home, I (will have been working, will be working) for three hours.

2.

By the 1st of September, 2000, he (will work, will have been working) at our University for 30

years.

3.

When he comes to the University the lecture (will have been lasting, will be lasting) for half an

hour.

4.

By the end of the year they (will be living, will have been living) in this house for 15 years.

5.

I (will have been working, will be working) for a long time, when my brother comes.

6.

The baby (will be sleeping, will have been sleeping) for three hours when his parents leave the

house.

Упражнение 2. Выберите из списка предложения, в которых сказуемое стоит в Future Perfect

Continuous.

1.

I won’t have completed it by this time next week.

2.

By the time she graduates I’ll have been teaching English for two years.

3.

Call me back at five. I’ll have finished the report by then.

4.

Sorry. I can’t meet you at 7.30. I’ll be busy at eight.

5.

When we get there they’ll have been waiting for over an hour.

6.

When my son goes to school we’ll have been living here for over five years.

7.

By Saturday all the guests will have received our invitations.

Упражнение 3. Выберите правильную форму глагола.

1.

He (will having been working, will have been working) at this model for two years by this time.

2.

By the end of the year she (will have been living, will have being lived) entirely on borrowed

money for some months.

3.

On the evening of the 15th they (’ll have been climbing, ‘ll having being climbing) for three days.

4.

At 7 o’clock she (will have being working, will have been working) for 4 hours.

5.

By 2005 he (will have been lived, will have been living) in Scotland for 10 years.

6.

In January next year I (’ll have been collecting, ‘ll has been collecting) models for three years.

Таблица 36. СОПОСТАВЛЕНИЕ РУССКИХ И АНГЛИЙСКИХ ВРЕМЕН

ИЗЪЯВИТЕЛЬНОГО НАКЛОНЕНИЯ

русский язык

английский язык

I. Настоящее время – я читаю

1.

Я читаю газеты каждый день.

(обычное действие)

2.

Я читаю газету сейчас.

(длительное действие, совершающееся в момент

речи)

3.

Я читаю газету уже час.

(длительное действие, совершающееся в момент

речи, с указанием, как долго оно совершается)

I read newspapers every day.

(Present Simple)

I am reading a newspaper.

(Present Continuous)

I have been reading the newspaper for an

hour.

(Present Perfect Continuous)

II. Прошедшее время – я читал, я прочитал.

1.

Я прочитал эту книгу. Я могу рассказать вам ее

содержание.

(прошедшее время, результат которого налицо в

настоящем времени)

2.

Я прочитал эту статью вчера.

(действие, совершившееся в истекшем отрезке

времени)

3.

Я прочитал эту статью до того, как он пришел.

(действие,

совершившееся

до

определенного

момента в прошлом)

4.

Я

читал

эту

газету,

когда

он

пришел.

I have read the book. I can tell you its

contents.

(Present Perfect)

I read the article yesterday.

(Past Simple)

I had read the article before he came.

(Past Perfect)

(длительное

действие,

совершавшееся

в

определенный момент в прошлом)

5.

Я читал эту газету уже час, когда вы пришли.

(длительное

действие,

совершавшееся

в

определенный момент в прошлом, с указанием

как долго оно совершалось).

I was reading the newspaper when he came.

(Past Continuous)

I had been reading the newspaper for an hour

when you came.

(Past Perfect Continuous)

III. Будущее время – я буду читать, я прочитаю

1.

Я прочитаю

эту

статью

завтра.

(действие,

которое совершится в будущем)

2.

Я буду

читать

эту

статью,

когда

он

придет.

( д л и т е л ь н о е

д е й с т в и е ,

кото р о е

б уд е т

совершаться в определенный момент в будущем)

3.

Я уже прочитаю эту статью, когда он придет.

(действие,

которое

совершится

до

другого

действия в будущем)

I will read the article tomorrow.

(Future Simple)

I will be reading the article when he comes.

(Future Continuous)

I will have read the article when he comes.

(Future Perfect)

ПРАВИЛО-ПРИМЕЧАНИЕ: В английском языке в придаточных предложениях времени и

условия, относящихся к будущему времени, глагол всегда

ставится в соответствующую форму настоящего времени:

1.

Когда (Если) я прочитаю эту статью, я дам ее вам.

When (If) I read the article, I will give it to you (Present Simple).

2.

Если я буду читать, когда вы придете, не шумите, пожалуйста.

If I am reading when you come don’t make noise, please (Present Continuous).

3.

После того, как я прочитаю эту статью, я дам ее вам.

After I have read the article I will give it to you (Present Perfect).

Таблица 37. ПОСЛЕДОВАТЕЛЬНОСТЬ ВРЕМЕН (SEQUENSE OF TENSES)

Главное предложение

Придаточное предложение

Одновременное действие

Past Simple

Past Indefinite

Past Continuous

I knew that -------

Я знал, что -------

I thought that ------

Я думал, что ------

Mr. Born lived in Great Britain.

мистер Борн живет в Великобритании.

they were waiting for me in the entrance hall.

они ждут меня в вестибюле.

Предшествующее действие

Past Simple

Past Perfect

Past Perfect Continuous

I was sure that --------

Я был уверен, что ------

He said that ------

Он сказал, что ------

I knew that ------

Я знал, что ------

he had left Moscow.

он уехал из Москвы.

he had lost his watch.

потерял часы.

it had been raining.

шел дождь.

He said that ------

Он сказал, что ------

he had just been speaking to her about it.

только что разговаривал с ней об этом.

Последующее действие

Past Simple

Одна из форм Future in the Past

I hoped that ------

Я надеялся, что ------

He was sure that ------

Он был уверен, что -----

He said that -----

Он сказал, что ------

He said that ------

Он сказал, что ------

I would find her at home.

застану ее дома.

they would arrive on Sunday.

они приедут в воскресенье.

he would be working at 6 o’clock.

будет работать в 6 часов.

he would have translated the article by five.

переведет статью к пяти часам.

Упражнение 1. Выберите правильную форму глагола.

1.

He says that he (will go, would go) to see his parents.

2.

He said that he (will work, would work) every day.

3.

We know that she (has returned, returned) the umbrella.

4.

I knew that he (borrow, had borrowed) some money from his friend.

5.

He thinks that the book (is, was) humorous.

6.

I thought that they (looked, were looking) through some newspaper.

Упражнение 2. Выберите правильную форму глагола.

1. We thought that Mike and Kate (had met, meet) in Paris.

2. Everybody realized that this work (is not, would not be) easy.

3. I did not know by whom those stories (had been translated, were translated).

4. We knew that both he and his sister (like, liked) sports.

5. Pete thought that he (can, would be able) to become a pilot.

6. She knows that dinner (is, was) ready.

Упражнение 3. Выберите правильную форму глагола.

1.

He said that they (would meet, meet) us at the station.

2.

We knew that they (leave, had left) the town.

3.

Did you know that they (had arrived, arrived) in Moscow?

4.

They said that they (would construct, had constructed) the new building in two months.

5.

I was sure he (could, can) play tennis.

6.

I was afraid she (is, was) ill.

Упражнение 4. Выберите правильную форму глагола.

1. He said that he (knew, knows) the way to the town.

2. She said that he (wants, wanted) to translate this article.

3. I didn’t know that his family (had already left, has already left).

4. Mr. Brown said that he (wait, would wait) for us.

5. Who said that I (would not pass, will not pass) my exam?

6. He said that he (can, could) read French books in the original.

Таблица 38. НЕПРАВИЛЬНЫЕ ГЛАГОЛЫ

Все три формы – одинаковые

Infinitive

Past simple

Past participle

Перевод

burst [b

ɜ

:st]

burst [b

ɜ

:st]

burst [b

ɜ

:st]

разрываться; взрываться

cost [c

ɔ

st]

cost [c

ɔ

st]

cost [c

ɔ

st]

стоить

cut [k

ʌ

t]

cut [k

ʌ

t]

cut [k

ʌ

t]

резать

hurt [hз:t]

hurt [hз:t]

hurt [hз:t]

причинить боль; ранить, обижать

hit [h

ɪ

t]

hit [h

ɪ

t]

hit [h

ɪ

t]

ударять, попадать в цель

let [let]

let [let]

let [let]

позволять

put [put]

put [put]

put [put]

класть, ставить

read [ri:d]

read [red]

read [red]

читать

Формы Past Simple и Past Participle одинаковые

Infinitive

Past simple

Past participle

Перевод

feel [fi:l]

felt [felt]

felt [felt]

чувствовать

build [b

ɪ

ld]

built [b

ɪ

lt]

built [b

ɪ

lt]

строить

keep [ki:p]

kept [kept]

kept [kept]

держать, хранить

leave [li:v]

left [left]

left [left]

покидать, оставлять

lend [lend]

lent [lent]

lent [lent]

одалживать, давать взаймы

lose [lu:z]

lost [l

ɔ

st]

lost [l

ɔ

st]

терять

meet [mi:t]

met [met]

met [met]

встречать

send [send]

sent [sent]

sent [sent]

посылать

sleep [sli:p]

slept [slept]

slept [slept]

спать

spend [spend]

spent [spent]

spent [spent]

тратить

sit [s

ɪ

t]

sat [sæt]

sat [sæt]

сидеть

get [ get ]

got [g

ɔ

t]

got [g

ɔ

t], gotten ['g

ɔ

tn]

получать

$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$

$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$

$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$

$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$

bring [br

ɪ

ŋ]

brought [br

ɔ

:t]

brought [br

ɔ

:t]

приносить

buy [ba

ɪ

]

bought [b

ɔ

:t]

bought [b

ɔ

:t]

покупать

catch [kæt

ʃ

]

caught [k

ɔ

:t]

caught [k

ɔ

:t]

ловить, хватать

teach [ti:t

ʃ

]

taught [t

ɔ

:t]

taught [t

ɔ

:t]

учить

think [θ

ɪ

ŋk]

thought [θ

ɔ

:t]

thought [θ

ɔ

:t]

думать

$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$

$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$

$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$

$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$

find [fa

ɪ

nd]

found [faund]

found [faund]

находить

bind [ba

ɪ

nd]

bound [baund]

bound [baund]

связывать, привязывать

have [hæv]

had [hæd]

had [hæd]

иметь

hear [h

ɪ

ə]

heard [hз:d]

heard [hз:d]

слышать

hold [hould]

held [held]

held [held]

держать

lead [li:d]

led [led]

led [led]

вести

make [me

ɪ

k]

made [me

ɪ

d]

made [me

ɪ

d]

делать, изготавливать

lay [le

ɪ

]

laid [le

ɪ

d]

laid [le

ɪ

d]

класть, положить

pay [pe

ɪ

]

paid [pe

ɪ

d]

paid [pe

ɪ

d]

платить

say [se

ɪ

]

said [sed]

said [sed]

говорить

sell [sel]

sold [sould]

sold [sould]

продавать

stand [stænd]

stood [stu:d]

stood [stu:d]

стоять

tell [tel]

told [tould]

told [tould]

рассказывать

win [w

ɪ

n]

won [w

ʌ

n]

won [w

ʌ

n]

выигрывать

Все формы разные

Infinitive

Past simple

Past participle

Перевод

be [bi:]

was [w

ɔ

z], were [wз:]

been [bi:n]

быть

become [bi:

́

k

ʌ

m]

became [bi:

́

ke

ɪ

m]

become[bi:

́

k

ʌ

m]

становиться

come [k

ʌ

m]

came [ke

ɪ

m]

come [k

ʌ

m]

приходить

do [du:]

did [d

ɪ

d]

done [d

ʌ

n]

делать

go [gou]

went [went]

gone [g

ɔ

n]

идти

$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$

$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$

$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$

$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$

begin [b

ɪ

́

g

ɪ

n]

began [b

ɪ

́

gæn]

begun [b

ɪ

́

g

ʌ

n]

начинать

drink [dr

ɪ

ŋk]

drank [dræŋk]

drunk [dr

ʌ

ŋk]

пить

ring [r

ɪ

ŋ]

rang [ræŋ]

rung [r

ʌ

ŋ]

звонить, звенеть

sing [s

ɪ

ŋ]

sang [sæŋ]

sung [s

ʌ

ŋ]

петь

run [r

ʌ

n]

ran [ræn]

run [r

ʌ

n]

бежать

swim [sw

ɪ

m]

swam [swæm]

swum [sw

ʌ

m]

плавать

$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$

$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$

$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$

$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$

break [bre

ɪ

k]

broke [brouk]

broken [

́

brouk(ə)n]

ломать, разбивать; разрушать

drive [dra

ɪ

v]

drove [drouv]

driven [

́

dr

ɪ

vn]

ехать (на автомобиле), водить

eat [i:t]

ate [et], [e

ɪ

t]

eaten [

́

i:tn]

есть

forget [fə

́

get]

forgot [fə

́

g

ɔ

t]

forgotten [fə

́

g

ɔ

t(ə)n]

забывать

give [g

ɪ

v]

gave [ge

ɪ

v]

given [g

ɪ

vn]

давать

freeze [fri:z]

froze [frəuz]

frozen [

́

frəuzn]

замерзать

hide [ha

ɪ

d]

hid [h

ɪ

d]

hidden [

́h

ɪ

d(ə)n]

прятать(ся), скрывать(ся)

ride [ra

ɪ

d]

rode [roud]

ridden [

́

r

ɪ

dn]

ездить верхом

see [si:]

saw [s

ɔ

:]

seen [si:n]

видеть

speak [spi:k]

spoke [spouk]

spoken [‘spouk(ə)n]

говорить

take [te

ɪ

k]

took [tuk]

taken [

́

te

ɪ

k(ə)n]

брать, взять

wear [w

ɛ

ə]

wore [w

ɔ

:]

worn [w

ɔ

:n]

носить

write [ra

ɪ

t]

wrote [rout]

written [

́

r

ɪ

tn]

писать

tear [t

ɛ

ə]

tore [t

ɔ

:]

torn [t

ɔ

:n]

рвать(ся), отрывать(ся)

lie [la

ɪ

]

lay [le

ɪ

]

lain [le

ɪ

n]

лежать

$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$

$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$

$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$

$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$

blow [blou]

blew [blu:]

blown [bloun]

дуть

fly [fla

ɪ

]

flew [flu:]

flown [floun]

летать

know [nou]

knew [nju:]

known [noun]

знать

show [

ʃ

əu]

showed [

ʃ

əud]

shown [

ʃ

əun]

показывать

throw [θrəu]

threw [θru:]

thrown [θrəun]

бросать